5. Python is a computer programming language that lets work faster and convenient because of its user - friendly environment. The following SQLite statement joins doctors ID, doctors name, doctors degree and the name of the patient for that doctor who is holding the degree MD and not hold the registered ID 210. SQLite in Python Interface. A look at Python's SQLite module. SQLite is a single file relational database bundled with most standard Python installs. It makes it easier to explore tables, The sqlite. They are extracted from open source Python projects. A relational database is a collection of data organised and formally described in tables that consist of rows and columns. Python update SQLite DB Python and SQLite COMP 364 - Lecture 25 March 26th, 2012 Mathieu Perreault Cherry blossoms of the Japanese Yoshino variety bloom along the Tidal Basin, March 19, 2012, in Washington, DC, with the Jefferson Memorial They can be other programs and applications as well. In the tracks table, the AlbumId column is a foreign key. args[0]) # column name is not unique conn. cursor() cur. Mozilla uses SQLite SQLite INNER JOIN examples. It will appear to parse okay but it wouldn’t work. SQLite is a self-contained, server-less, config-free transactional SQL database engine. In SQL there are no such things as loops per se. x so I downloaded the Windows binary '32-bit DLL (x86) for SQLite verison 3. Here’s an absurdly simplistic example: [code]import sqlite3 as sql conn = sql. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id < 50 ORDER BY last_name ASC; In this SQLite SELECT statement example, we've used * to signify that we wish to select all fields from the employees table where the employee_id is less than 50. I have running on Windows 7 64-bits/Anaconda package for Python 2. Python: INSERT data into SQLite database. I using SQLite (sqlite3) interfaced with Python, to hold parameters in a table which I use for processing a large amount of data. decode() function. An SQLite database can be read directly into Python Pandas (a data analysis library). version is the version of the pysqlite (2. 0), which is the binding of the Python language to the SQLite database. Python supports packages and modules, which encourage a developer to program in a modularity and reusable way. At least, not something that works with current versions of Python (2. This is a Python programming tutorial for the SQLite database. Using: import sqlite3 print sqlite3. Also how to delete (drop) a table. You can use WHERE clause with UPDATE query to update selected rows, otherwise all the rows would be updated. You can rename a table using ALTER TABLE statement and additional columns can be added in an existing table using ALTER TABLE statement. Based on the current version that Android is using and that this update is coming in version 3. I would then like to be able to prompt the user for a change and use the key field (ID) to update the SQLite record. In this case, SQLite appends the new column at the end of the existing columns list. just write new Python code for those as well. Let's look at how to use a SQLite SELECT query to select all fields from a table. I have written a Python code that iteratively reads data from a sqlite database, does some calculations on it and writes the results back to the database as new columns and so on. We will show next how we can achieve the same scalabilty with Python and perform complex expressions on paths within the json column. execute("UPDATE ExampleTable SET Age = 18 WHERE Age = 17") For a great introduction to using SQLite in Python, see this tutorial. python sqlite update column This module contains functions for performing persistent CRUD operations on SQLite database. Server-less means there is no need to install a separate server to work with SQLite so you can connect directly with the database. After extensive googling and searching Daniweb, I think I'm looking right at the blindingly obvious and missing it. Since the relational structure was fairly complex, I decided not to try to stitch it together with UNIX commands but rather to import the whole lot into a sqlite3 database on which to run queries. xaml. 8. Updating data in the SQLite database using Python: learns how to update existing data in the SQLite database using Python. - thombashi/SimpleSQLite . It seems that Brian's solution fits your needs, but keep in mind that with that method your just storing the data as a string. Contribute to sin1ght/python-sqlite-orm development by creating an account on GitHub. You can also use the "ALTER TABLE" command to add columns: ALTER TABLE guru100 ADD COLUMN Age INT; This will alter the table "guru100" and add a new column Age to it. SQLite in general, is a server-less database that can be used within almost all programming languages including Python. We can auto increment a field value by using AUTOINCREMENT keyword when creating a table with specific column name to auto increment. Also, Update a column with date-time and timestamp values; Use a python variable in a parameterized query to update table rows. We get the first two modules so that we can create the timestamps to use So this should be a really easy one, but i've spent a few hours searching and can't find anything that explicitly states how to do this. Using adapters to store additional Python types in SQLite databases¶ As described before, SQLite supports only a limited set of types natively. . Suppose you have a column that has one of the following column constraints: UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK, or PRIMARY KEY. Define and register a callable to convert the custom Python type type into one of SQLite's supported types (adapter). PySQLite detects when a retrieved field is a binary field (if its column type is BLOB or BINARY) and automatically decodes it using the sqlite. BerkeleyDB can be compiled with a SQLite-compatible API, then the python SQLite The schema migrations module works with SQLite, MySQL and Postgres, and tables and indexes, and introspecting the database to get lists of tables. To update data in a table from a Python program, you follow these steps: First, create a database connection to the SQLite database using the connect() function. Is this possible with Python and SQLite 3? I could process chunks in Python, but is there a SQL command? Start table all_entries Going Fast with SQLite and Python. Hi, I am trying to update an application in windows phone 8. 0, the instructions for compiling SQLite and building pysqlite have been greatly simplified. , Text) Once you run the above code in Python, a new file, called TestDB, will get created at the same location where you saved your Python script. Deleting data from a Python program: guides you how to delete one or more rows Trying to stipulate the column name as a variable would give you a problem. The following are 50 code examples for showing how to use sqlite3. python_reference / tutorials / sqlite3_howto / code / update_or_insert_records. py Find file Copy path rasbt reorganization dc5210a Jun 1, 2014 Python script to update an existing column values in a csv from another two tables. Following is the basic syntax of UPDATE query with WHERE clause. 1. The following illustrates the syntax of ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN statement: SQLite Python tutorial. I created the tables like: con = sqlite3. I am using Python 3. Update November 11, 2015. '2010-05-25'). In our case it is 3. … and as we have seen, you then need to use curs. Table of Contents 1 - How to add a column with ALTER TABLE 2 - How to change a database table name with ALTER TABLE 3 - More complicated ALTER TABLE examples 4 - Summary: SQLite alter table examples SQLite FAQ: Can you show me how the SQLite ALTER TABLE syntax works? At the time of this writing you So this should be a really easy one, but i've spent a few hours searching and can't find anything that explicitly states how to do this. uninteresting columns, Append it to the SQLite database Preview the table ¶. Here we will update Martha’s marks from 200 to 250 and What the statement tried to do is to update the min_salary for the position with id 2, which is the developer. In this tutorial we will create a Simple CRUD ( Update, Delete) Application using Python/SQLite. In this article we will discuss, how to query database using commands like Update and Delete and also to visualize data via graphs. In my previous tutorial we already tackle the create and read on Python Simple CRUD, this time we will continue on and add some features to make the application fully functional. 一个简单的python sqlite orm. The following illustrates the syntax of the UPDATE statement: UPDATE table SET column_1 = new_value_1, column_2 = new_value_2 WHERE search_condition ORDER column_or_expression LIMIT row_count OFFSET offset; To update values in a SQL database using the SQLite library in Python, use a statement like this one. used to perform database operations on android gadgets, for example, putting away, controlling or recovering relentless information from the database. SQLite add columns- Using ALTER TABLE Command. SQLite ALTER TABLE – Adding a new column to a table. OperationalError(). All your code in one place. cursor() ensure_schema = ''' CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS atable ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, some_key VARCHAR UNIQUE NOT NULL, SimpleSQLite is a Python library to simplify SQLite database operations: table creation, data insertion and get data as other data formats. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering. 25. I've written a new version of this post with updated instructions for compiling SQLite with JSON1 and FTS5. Below is my code that works with insert but doesn't work with update. SQLite is a C library that provides a lightweight disk-based database that doesn’t require a separate server process and allows accessing the database using a nonstandard variant of the SQL query language. execute SQLite Conflict Clause. Instead you update a table which, by default applies the changes to every row - what you want - but you normally reduce the set of rows to those matching given criteria. db") I am having design problems with date storage/retrieval using Python and SQLite. 0 规范兼容的 SQL 接口。 If you are a python developer and using any of the Microsoft Windows operating system then this is very important for you to read, Linux users you dont have to worry about anything, python is fully updated for you!! If you are using SQLITE3 in your project please make sure that you update your SQLITE3. To update existing data in a table, you use SQLite UPDATE statement. What I have is a sql database with 6 tables containing n number of columns. November 11, 2015 08:01 / peewee python search sqlite / 3 comments Author's note: the instructions posted here are out-of-date. GitHub makes it easy to scale back on context switching. SQLite is often the technology of choice for small applications, particularly those of embedded systems and devices like Using SQLite3 or any database system in application is a common way to store data. I need to update two columns: Inserting persons in file into SQLite. If you didn't see any output, this means that the statement was successful, and the column was added. Mozilla uses SQLite In this part of the SQLite tutorial, we will be inserting, updating, and deleting data. In this project I querry a SQLite database using python. Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to insert rows into a table in the SQLite database from a Python program using the sqlite3 module. Is there a way to make the _id column update, so there wouldn't be holes in the sequence? Thank you very much in advance. connect to sqlite db; I have looked at other questions similar to this but some are ambiguous with little explanation of the answer. The following code does not raise an exception, but nor does it update my table. 7 - I am currently using sqlite3 library via Python. Even Python language has some built-in libraries to access and use SQL related database system like SQLite3, MySQL… -How to sort a table or column in SQLite-Search and return a selected field in SQLite-Counting rows in SQlite-Finding the max value in a column in Python and SQlite-Finding the average value in Python and SQLite-Calculate the SUM total of fields in Python and SQLite-Creating a login application in Python and SQLite; Video Demo Example: SQLite inner join with alias . First, the position already with id 2 already exists, the REPLACE statement removes it. 0 规范兼容的 SQL 接口。 Getting started with sqlite in Python. So, let's create a python script with the name py_sqlite. 9. And then you tried to insert or update a value on that column with a value that conflicts with this constraint. I have a list I am using Python 3. The tutorial was superseded with the Python SQLite tutorial. In the following, we are discussing, how to change the data of the columns with the SQL UPDATE statement using arithmetical expression and COMPARISON operator. SQLite is designed to be embedded into other applications to provide database support within the application. This tutorial will cover using SQLite in combination with Python's sqlite3 interface. In the previous chapter, we had the following output when we used the sqlite shell command line: $ sqlite3 test. Reading from a database is where the power of using something like SQLite over a flat file starts to make sense. I want to update, not insert, a column in one of the tables with data from a python list. execute but returns results as a dict containing dict mapped with column names. We will learn how Python or better a Python program can interact as a user of an SQL database. Python has built-in support for SQLite in the form of the sqlite3 module. In this article we’ll demonstrate loading data from an SQLite database table into a Python Pandas Data Frame. Python is a great language for writing web applications, cross-platform desktop applications, Artificial Intelligence software, shell scripts, perform scientific computation, games, and even connect to and work with a myriad of relational and document-oriented database solutions. This is an introduction into using SQLite and MySQL from Python. It covers the basics of SQLite programming with the Python language. 6. Python: creating a sqlite3 database from CSV files. commit() UPDATE works quite similar, but it might In this tutorial, we will work with SQLite3 database programmatically using Python. The keyword AUTOINCREMENT can be used with INTEGER field only Define and register a callable to convert the custom Python type type into one of SQLite's supported types (adapter). sqlite_version, sqlite3. Any ideas? Sqlite code Summary: in this tutorial, we will show you how to update data in the SQLite database from a Python program using the sqlite3 module. I am keeping that name in a variable. I wrote (for example with SQLite, although I use MySQL mainly), and as we have seen, you then need to use curs. execute 12. While we can query the entire table, we can instead In this tutorial, we will work with SQLite3 database programmatically using Python. While we can query the entire table, we can instead Trying to stipulate the column name as a variable would give you a problem. 15. UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2. I am having trouble structuring an sqlite update statement that has multiple parameters. To insert rows into a table in SQLite database, you use the following steps: First, connect to the SQLite database by creating a Connection object. Consider following code lines for processing the raw data in file. The Python standard for database interfaces is the Python DB-API, which is used by Python's database interfaces. I don't want to insert as I have specific ids for each fixture and I dont want to mess it up with insert. I have a 30 GB SQLite 3 database with a table containing 25 million rows. However, the part involving writing to the database by updating a column feels to get slower and slower by time. 0' I want to upgrade to sqlite3 to 3. Database CRUD Operation in Python, SQLite and Python. connect("mydb") cur = conn. Server-less means there is no need to install a separate server to work with SQLite so you can Getting started with sqlite in Python. 12. tables books sqlite> . sqlite. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the exmaples you don't like. All i want to do is see the column names for a particular table. Going Fast with SQLite and Python. g. Assume a SQlite table named TEMPERATURE has the columns timestamp, reading and unit. In this tutorial, we're going to build on that, covering how to insert dynamically into a database's table, using variables. Python Tkinter Update Sqlite3 Data (self. If you want to store the raw binary data into the database (so it doesn't take up as much space), convert your data to a Binary sqlite object and then add it to your database. For one thing, it cannot be used to rename an existing column on a table. Example 1 – Changing the name of the SQLite table using Python: Android Support. From there, just use python to In this tutorial we will create a Simple CRUD ( Update, Delete) Application using Python/SQLite. 21, 2. SQLite was created in the year 2000 and is one of the many management systems in the database zoo. I have to add a column with out losing any data in the table in database. The sqlite3. Simple ORM functionality for SQLite. I want to group the table by a string column and create a new table for every group of records, named after the string and containing all columns. The INSERT statement above, will insert a row into the TEMPERATURE table, taking values for the "timestamp" column and the "reading" column from the SQL statment and assigning a default value 1 for the "unit" column. + Database CRUD Operations in Python. Docintar is a new contributor to this site. You can use sqlite's table_info operation to get a list of columns. I understand that a SQLite date column stores dates as text in ISO format (ie. SQLite3 comes as a part of the Python 3 standard library. I have imported a csv using python and created a table called upload. Define and registers a callable to convert a bytestring from the database into a custom Python type (converter). 10) WHERE cust_country='India' AND grade=1; SQL update columns with arithmetical expression and comparison operator . Pysqlite module offers standardized Python DB-API 2. encode() function compactly encodes binary strings so that they can be safely stored in an SQLite database. Now we will process the this text file which contains raw data and insert data into database. We show you how to create tables, perform selects, and update rows. Eneble inference of types from column names and/or from column types. SQLite ALTER TABLE command modifies an existing table without performing a full dump and reload of the data. connect( ":memory:" ) cur = con. SQLite is a lightweight disk-based relational database engine that does not require a separate server process. 2) and SQLite (the version that comes installed with Python script to update an existing column values in a csv from another two tables. Update single row, multiple rows, single column, and multiple columns. One example program alters the name of an SQLite table and another example program adds a new column into two of the SQLite tables. We want to name the database file as mydb. INSERT; UPDATE? ', e. The rows in the table are called records and the columns in the table are called how to work with an SQLite database using Python. ZetCode has a complete e-book for Python SQLite: Python SQLite e-book. Python SQLite class that returns resuls as dict. Thanks a lot, Roel, adding a single commit() at the end did solve the speed problem. Python has a library to access SQLite databases, called sqlite3, intended for working with this database which has been included with Python package since version 2. Another action you can perform with the SQLite ALTER TABLE statement is to add a new column to an existing table. For example, the Firefox browser also uses the SQLite database internally as do many other products. In this tutorial we shall learn how to interface the Python program with an SQLite database. You can also save this page to your account. Inserting data into the SQLite database in Python: walks you through the steps of inserting data into a table in SQLite database using Python. You might also want to check the Python tutorial, SQLite tutorial or MySQL Python tutorial or PostgreSQL Python tutorial on ZetCode. 10. 7. This chapter is a continuation from Connecting to DB, create/drop table, and insert data into a table. Suppose I have already populated the table initially, but then change the parameters, and I want to update my table. One of these database management systems (DBMS) is called SQLite. The * in both commands where column names should be tells SQLite to return data from all columns in the table. Here we will update Martha’s marks from 200 to 250 and Python SQLite tutorial. You need to import the module called sqlite3 to get the SQLite related functions. However, it violates the NOT NULL constraint of the title column In this tutorial, we will work with SQLite3 database programmatically using Python. Python sqlite creating table example enter image description here 1 sqlite3 init db png check if table not exists How To Insert Several Lists Into Sqlite Column # The [generated_id] column is used to set an auto-increment ID for each record # When creating a new table, you can add both the field names as well as the field formats (e. It allows you to access databases using the SQL language. This means you can quickly store even complex data structures in SQLite and query them using My solution would be to use sqlite's native datetime handling to maintain the datetime object in the database, and just format as needed, while using timedelta to select those queries you want. The SQLite ALTER TABLE command is somewhat limited. Beginning in SQLite version 3. November 01, 2017 15:30 / python sqlite / 0 comments. There is no other operation supported by ALTER TABLE Advanced SQLite Usage in Python. In the previous tutorials, we've covered creating a database and populating one, now we need to learn how to read from the database. 0 complaint interface to the SQLite database engine. The tracks table links to the albums table via AlbumId column. Here is the code in App. sqlite3 db update extremely slow. Read rendered documentation, see the history of any file, and collaborate with contributors on projects across GitHub. sqlite_version gives us the version of the SQLite database library. UPDATE customer1 SET outstanding_amt=outstanding_amt-(outstanding_amt*. Note, the above had an error, since it was not pulling the datetime object out of the DB, here is the fixed code, which also formats the line you want. Browse other questions tagged python sql database sqlite or ask This tutorial will cover using SQLite in combination with Python's sqlite3 interface. SQLite is a How can I check if a database table exists or not with Python? I would like to check if a database table exists or not, but I don't know how to do. Even Python language has some built-in libraries to access and use SQL related database system like SQLite3, MySQL… sqlite3 — DB-API 2. The sqlite3 that we will be using throughout this tutorial is part of the Python Standard Library and is a nice and easy interface to SQLite databases: There are no server processes involved, no configurations required, and no other obstacles we have to worry about. sqlite3 in Python: Update a column in one table through a column from another table when the primary key is the same. As far as stipulating variables goes, it isn’t difficult. So, if we need to work with a datetime object, The rows in the table are called records and the columns in the table are called how to work with an SQLite database using Python. In this tutorial we will create a simple CRUD ( Create, Read ) Application using Python/SQLite. connect("C:\\sqlite\\db\\history1. Let’s take a look at the tracks and albums tables in the sample database. 19. Note that the json1 extension will have better performance and allows expressions on paths within the json column. I need to connect to an existing SQLite database, compare a key column's value to the value in a dataframe. And in the albums table, the AlbumId is the primary key. Then, SQLite tried to insert a new row with two columns: ( id, min_salary). Python gained the sqlite3 module all the way back in version 2. If you would like support directly from SQLite see the json1 extension. ' in SQLiteDownload SQLite has excellent JSON support, and sqlite-utils can help you take advantage of this: if you attempt to insert a value that can be represented as a JSON list or dictionary, sqlite-utils will create TEXT column and store your data as serialized JSON. I wrote (for example with SQLite, although I use MySQL mainly), In this tutorial we will create a simple CRUD ( Create, Read ) Application using Python/SQLite. Recently I needed to do some data processing on a pile of CSV files exported from an Access database. Databases offer, typically, a superior method of high-volume data input and output over a typical file such as a text file. The keyword AUTOINCREMENT can be used with INTEGER field only SQLite - Python 安装 SQLite3 可使用 sqlite3 模块与 Python 进行集成。sqlite3 模块是由 Gerhard Haring 编写的。它提供了一个与 PEP 249 描述的 DB-API 2. We’ll also briefly cover the creation of the sqlite database table using Python. Python Forums on Bytes. I want to update the Fixture table with the new upload table values. In this post I'd like to share with you some techniques for effectively working with SQLite using Python. I must be looking in all the wrong places, but I haven't found many usable examples online of storing BLOBs in a SQLite database using Python. cs file to generate the database if it not exists in application. But there is a workaround. After reading this article you can do the following MySQL update operations using Python. The problem is that now I deleted a row, and the column didn't update the auto-incrementing number. 5 which means that you can create SQLite database with any current Python without downloading any additional dependencies. This command can update more than one rows at a time, but all of the rows must be part of the same table. It's not often that you get to use a language as powerful and as versatile as Python. We use the INSERT INTO, DELETE, and UPDATE statements. Notice that aliases have been used to refer the column names. SQLite is a capable library, providing an in-process relational database for efficient storage of small-to-medium-sized data sets. For every key match between database and dataframe, update the value of a specific column Connecting to an SQLite database. Using SQLite3 or any database system in application is a common way to store data. You can use the literal string if you want. Enable inference of types from column names and/or from column types. SQLite is a relational database management system that enables us to create databases and query them using SQL syntax. 0 interface for SQLite databases¶. Related course Data Analysis in Python with Pandas. How can I check if a database table exists or not with Python? I would like to check if a database table exists or not, but I don't know how to do. Syntax. SQLite is simpler than full database systems like MySQL and PostgreSQL likely at the expense of reduced performance. 2. , columnN = valueN WHERE [condition]; SQLite UPDATE Query is used to modify the existing records in a table. , columnN = valueN WHERE [condition]; The UPDATE command is used to change the existing values to one or more columns of existing rows in a table. 17. Check out our Code of Conduct. SQLite - Python 安装 SQLite3 可使用 sqlite3 模块与 Python 进行集成。sqlite3 模块是由 Gerhard Haring 编写的。它提供了一个与 PEP 249 描述的 DB-API 2. 3. The sqlite. sqlite3 — DB-API 2. We focus on SQLite in this book because it is a very common database and is already built into Python. If we go back to our database of historical figures: >>> import sqlite3 >>> conn = sqlite3. learnpython) submitted 1 month ago * by supergaara000 Hello, i need some help im trying to code an E- Mail App the only function im missing is basically the Update function from the Sqlite3 Database. 6 at the moment, but you can use another version. Server-less means there is no need to install a separate server to work with SQLite so you can Define and register a callable to convert the custom Python type type into one of SQLite's supported types (adapter). Row(). Sqlite Database In this tutorial we will create a Simple CRUD ( Update, Delete) Application using Python/SQLite. SQLite AUTOINCREMENT is a keyword used for auto incrementing a value of a field in the table. 5), pysqlite (2. For example, suppose you have a table like this: Android SQLite Database Tutorial (Select, Insert, Update, Delete) August 10, 2016 Mithilesh Singh Android 36 SQLite is an open-source social database i. cur. 0 (2016-10-14), an assignment in the SET clause can be a parenthesized list of column names on the left and a row value of the same size on the right. From there, just use python to In this project I querry a SQLite database using python. Two example Python programs are given here. As of writing, Android's API 27 is using SQLite package version 3. With the release of SQLite 3. It is a Relational Database Management System (or RDBMS). SQLite is often the technology of choice for small applications, particularly those of embedded systems and devices like The _id column in my database is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, so it is an auto-incrementing column. py. SQLite is often the technology of choice for small applications, particularly those of embedded systems and devices like In the previous SQLite tutorial, we learned how to create a database, a table, and how to insert data. fetchall() to retrieve the data from SQLite back to Python. By using python pysqlite interface we can perform various operations on SQLite3 database like connect to database, create tables, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT operations based on our requirements. db") Python has bindings for many database systems including MySQL, Postregsql, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server and Maria DB. version I got '3. The sqlite3 module uses the column's type to return the correct type of object. [sqlite3] Check if a column exists, if it does not create it. SQLite dataset Welcome to an SQLite mini-series! SQLite, as the name suggests, is a lite version of an SQL database. mode column sqlite> . Using the SQLite JSON1 and FTS5 Extensions with Python. The trick is to create a new table with the columns named the way you want and then copy the data from the old table to the new table. headers on sqlite> SELECT In playing with the code, I was trying to read a record from SQLite and populate a set of variables to be displayed in Python. 0 规范兼容的 SQL 接口。 Getting Started with SQLite3 – Basic Commands SQLite is a C library that implements an SQL database engine. SQLite UPDATE Query is used to modify the existing records in a table. db sqlite> . Check existence of a row then update a column. 0 of SQLite, I would say you have bit of a wait (approximately API 33) before support for this is added to Android. python sqlite update column. e. The optional "OR action " conflict clause that follows the UPDATE keyword allows the user to nominate a specific constraint conflict resolution algorithm to use This chapter is a continuation from Connecting to DB, create/drop table, and insert data into a table. To use other Python types with SQLite, you must adapt them to one of the sqlite3 module’s supported types for SQLite: one of NoneType, int, float, str, bytes